Making a glowing moon!!

Aim: I want to make a glowing moon in science.


Glowing Moon

Equipment:

• Balloon
• Paper mache/towels
• Glue
• Fairy lights/lamp
• Paint
• Sponge

Method:

1. Blow up the balloon.
2. Draw a small/medium circle around the end of the balloon.
3. Mix 1 part water and 1 part glue together in a bowl.
4. Cut your paper towels up into strips.
5. Dip the paper into the water glue solution and cover the entire balloon with the paper mache. (make sure to not cover the circle that you drew)
6. Let dry.
7. Repeat until the balloon is sturdy. (2/3 times)
8. With the sponge paint the balloon into a moon-like colour.
9. Pop the balloon and where you kept the circle put your fairy lights or lamp into the hole.
10. Turns the lights on and go into a dark room.

Youtube Clip

Results:

What Happens To Food?

Ingestion:

• When food enters your mouth its called ingesting food.
• Chewing food is called Mastication. 
• Swallow food.
• The teeth that you chew food with is called a molar.
• The teeth that you rip and tear food with is called canines. 
• The teeth that you cut food with is called the incisors.
• Our Salivary glands add saliva to the food to help lubricate it.

 https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-to-overcome-food-addiction

 https://tenor.com/search/eating-gifs

• The food is "pushed" down the esophagus to the stomach by waves of muscle contractions. Circular muscles contract behind the bolus pushing it downwards. Longitudinal muscles contract, widening and the diameter and shortening the length of the tube. This process is called peristalsis.

 

https://makeagif.com/gif/digeston-pharynx-and-esophagus-5Df1wC

http://www.pocketpharmacist.net/medical-conditions/gerd/

Digestion:

Stomach:

The esophagus leads to the stomach.
The stomach can hold 2-4 litres of fluid.
It holds acid which digests food.
The stomach is a large elastic bag that can expand to hold many litres of food.
The PH of the acid is 1-2
The interior of the stomach is lined with holes called gastric pits.


Small Intestine: 

The small intestine lies between the stomach and the large intestine.
The PH is between 7-9.
Absorption of nutrients takes place in the small intestine.
The inner walls are covered in small, finger-like projections called villi.
The projections increase the surface area of the small intestine, which increases the rate of absorption.


https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/cartoon-of-large-and-small-intestine-vector-7523894

Large Intestine:

Reabsorption of ions and water is a vital function of the large intestine.
The inner surfaces do not contain villi.


Liver:


The liver is the second largest organ in the human body.
A green coloured fluid called bile is produced in the liver.
Average mass of the human liver is about 1.5kg.
The liver detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs.
The liver makes proteins important for blood plasma and other functions.


https://makeagif.com/gif/what-is-cirrhosis-of-the-liver-3d-medicalshow-animation-LkSGJJ

Absorption:

Egestion:

Food Testing

Testing for simple sugars

Aim:
I want to find out how to test for simple sugars.

Equipment:

• Bunsen burner
• Test tube tongs
• Benedicts Solution
• Food sample
• Test tubes
• Safety Glasses

Method:

1. Place about 2mL of food sample into a test tube then add 5 drops of Benedict's solution.
2. Heat the test tube over a blue flame. (DO NOT LET BOIL!!!)

Results:

A positive test for a simple sugar result in the Benedict's Solution changing from a blue colour to an orange colour to a red/brown colour.

Conclusion:

The orange juice reacted with Benedict's Solution, therefor orange juice must contain simple sugar.

Photos:

Testing for Complex Sugars (Iodine Test)

Aim:

I want to find out how to test for complex sugars

Equipment:

• Iodine solution
• Food sample
• Test tube

Method:

1. Place 2mL of the food sample into a test tube.
2. Add 3-5 drops of iodine

Results

If complex sugars are present, the iodine solution will change from a brown colour to a black colour.

Conclusion

Bread reacted with the iodine solution, therefore bread contains complex sugar.

Testing for Protein (Biuret Test)

Aim:
I want to find out how to test for protein.

Equipment:

• Test tube
• Food Sample
• Sodium Hydroxide
• Copper Sulfate

Method:

1. Put the food sample into the test tube.
2. Add 5 drops of Sodium Hydroxide into the test tube.
3. Add 5 drops of Copper Sulfate into the test tube.
4. Gently shake from side to side

Results:

If the solution remains blue, then no protein is present. If the solution turns to a purple colour, then protein is present.

Conclusion:
The solution turned purple so therefor egg does contain protein.



Photos:

Animal Kingdom Part 2

True Worms:
Body is tubular and/or made up of segments
Tube-like digestive system

Ragworm

Earthworm

Flat worm:

Breathe through their skin

Unsegmented Body

Fluke

Tapeworm

Sponges:

Takes in water through pres (little holes) 

in their bodies from which they 

filter (take out) little bits of food

Demosponge

Hexactinellid

Cnidarians

Hollow body with specialised

cells (stingers) that they use for

capturing prey

Live in water

Sea anemone

Jellyfish

Molluscs

Most live in the sea 

Most have shells

Unsegmented body

Sea slug

Shellfish

Echinoderms

A skeleton made up of five plates

Tube feet

Live in the sea

Jointed legs

Divided into four further sub-groups

Sea urchin

Starfish

Arthropods

Crustaceans

Most are aquatic 

Body Divided into three parts

Most breathe with gills

Hard outer skeleton

Crab

Krill

Copepod

Myriapods

Many pairs of legs

A single pair of antennae

Simple eyes

Centipede

Millipede

Insects

Body divided into three parts

Three pairs of legs and two pair of wings

One pair of antennae on head

Compound eyes

Bee

Butterfly

Ladybug bettle

Arachnids

Body divided into two parts

Four pairs of legs and no wings

No antennae

Spider

Scorpion

Schizmodia